State Guide: Buying Greenhouses in Minnesota
Minnesota’s climate, characterized by frigid winters and short growing seasons, presents unique challenges for outdoor gardening and farming. With average winter lows ranging from -25°F to -45°F in some areas (USDA Zones 2b–4a), and unpredictable weather patterns, greenhouses are an essential tool for extending the growing season and protecting crops.
Are you looking for greenhouses for sale in Minnesota? Read on before making your purchase.
Minnesota Climate Overview
Winters
Minnesota’s winters are extremely cold, with heavy snowfall and frequent subzero temperatures. Snowfall averages between 35 and 70 inches annually, and blizzards or ice storms often impact outdoor plants.
Summers
While summers are warm, they are short, with highs ranging from 70°F to 80°F. The growing season is also disrupted by sudden heatwaves or severe storms.
Precipitation
Precipitation levels vary between 20–35 inches annually, peaking in spring and fall. Snowmelt and heavy rains during these times can cause flooding in low-lying areas.
Growing Season
The frost-free growing season spans 120–150 days depending on the region. Without greenhouse protection, crop variety and yield are significantly limited.
Challenges of Growing in Minnesota
Gardening in Minnesota’s climate involves overcoming numerous obstacles:
1
Short Seasons
Frost-free periods restrict the planting of many crops. Late spring frosts can kill early plants, while early autumn frosts end the season abruptly.
2
Severe Winters
Heavy snow and freezing temperatures damage exposed crops. Ice storms can destroy delicate plants and overwhelm infrastructure.
3
Erratic Weather
Rapid temperature swings harm soil stability and plant growth. Unpredictable weather patterns increase the risk of pest infestations and diseases.
Benefits of Greenhouses in Minnesota
Greenhouses in Minnesota protect farms from the state’s harsh growing conditions. Key greenhouse features for Minnesota include high snow-load capacity frames, double-layered insulation panels, and efficient heating systems.
- Extending the growing season into winter or enabling year-round cultivation.
- Protecting plants from frost, snow, hail, and high winds.
- Creating a controlled environment for optimal temperature, humidity, and light levels.
- Supporting the cultivation of heat-loving or exotic crops unsuited to Minnesota’s outdoor climate.
Best Greenhouse Designs for Minnesota
For the most part, greenhouses in Minnesota require strong structures to withstand harsh winters. Secure anchoring systems also help resist high winds in open areas, and heating systems such as geothermal, propane, or electric heating enhance year-round usability.
Structural Features
Steel or aluminum frames provide excellent durability, especially when designed to handle heavy snow loads. Double-layered polycarbonate panels are ideal for insulation and maintaining warmth during colder months.
Roof Designs
Gothic Arch greenhouses in this climate can be highly effective, with steep slopes allowing snow to slide off easily. Semi-gable roofs are a suitable alternative in regions with moderate snowfall.
Passive Solar Designs
Passive solar options like Deep Winter Greenhouses (DWGs) maximize energy efficiency. South-facing glazing walls capture solar heat during the day, while thermal mass systems store and release warmth at night.
Permits & Policies for Minnesota Greenhouses
Compliance with local regulations is critical before installing a greenhouse in Minnesota. Consult local building authorities to ensure compliance with regulations.
| Local Policies | Greenhouse Requirement |
|---|---|
| Agricultural Exemptions | Rural greenhouses used solely for farming may be exempt from permits. |
| Building Permits | Structures exceeding specific size thresholds require permits and certifications. |
| Zoning Laws | Urban areas like Minneapolis often impose stricter zoning regulations. |
| Energy Efficiency Standards | Municipalities encourage passive solar designs and energy-saving features. |
Greenhouse Solutions for Minnesota Farms
Greenhouses provide solutions to Minnesota’s agricultural challenges. The state’s extreme temperature swings and short growing season have driven farms toward greenhouse solutions to maintain steady production through the harsh winter months.
| Growth Challenges | Greenhouse Benefits |
|---|---|
| Short Growing Season | Extend harvests into late fall or winter with climate-controlled greenhouses. |
| Severe Weather | Protect crops from snowstorms, hail, and strong winds. |
| Temperature Swings | Create stable growing environments for temperature-sensitive crops. |
| Limited Crop Variety | Cultivate tropical fruits or heat-loving vegetables not suited to Minnesota’s climate. |
| Pest Risks | Shield plants from wildlife such as deer, rabbits, and rodents. |
Best Plants & Crops for Minnesota Greenhouses
Greenhouses in Minnesota support a diverse array of crops. Winter greenhouses can be particularly impressive since they excel at growing delicate leafy greens like lettuce and herbs despite cold weather.
| Plant Type | Best Species |
|---|---|
| Vegetables | Tomatoes, peppers, spinach, kale, cucumbers |
| Fruits | Strawberries, raspberries, dwarf citrus trees (with heating) |
| Herbs | Basil, parsley, cilantro, thyme |
| Flowers | Pansies, marigolds, petunias |
| Cold-Hardy Plants | Broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts |
| Specialty Crops | Cannabis harvesting (where permitted), exotic plants requiring controlled environments |
FAQ: Minnesota Greenhouses
By investing in a well-designed greenhouse tailored to Minnesota’s climate, growers can overcome environmental challenges, maximize productivity, and enhance sustainability.
What are the best materials for a greenhouse in Minnesota?
Steel or aluminum frames with double-layered polycarbonate panels provide durability and insulation. This combination ensures the structure withstands Minnesota’s extreme weather while retaining heat efficiently.
Which greenhouse designs help Minnesota farmers?
Gothic Arch roofs prevent snow buildup, while passive solar designs reduce heating costs. These features enhance the greenhouse’s efficiency and resilience against Minnesota’s harsh winters.
Do you need permits to build greenhouses on Minnesota property?
Yes. Requirements vary by municipality and depend on the true size and purpose of commercial greenhouses. Agricultural exemptions may simplify the process in rural areas.
How do you choose a greenhouse for Minnesota’s harsh climate?
Opt for structures with high snow-load capacity, robust insulation, and effective ventilation systems. These features will ensure a productive and sustainable growing environment.
What is the average cost of a greenhouse suitable for Minnesota’s climate?
Costs range from $5–$25 per square foot. Passive solar models may cost more upfront but offer long-term savings through reduced energy use.
Can I grow plants year-round using greenhouses in Minnesota?
Yes! Heated or passive solar designs enable year-round cultivation of cold-sensitive crops. This approach supports diverse and consistent production regardless of outdoor weather conditions.